Four years ago, we started a journey to help develop and advance decentralized identity, an emerging form of identity technology that empowers individuals and creates new business capabilities. Our goal is to put individuals, organizations, and other entities at the center of the apps, services, and digital exchanges that increasingly play a pivotal role in our lives. Among all the technical development required to deliver decentralized identity, none is more important than Decentralized Identifiers (DIDs).
DIDs are identifiers that can be used to secure access to resources, sign and verify credentials, and facilitate application data exchange. Unlike traditional usernames and email addresses, DIDs are owned and controlled by the entity itself (be it a person, device, or company), and exist independently of any external organization or trusted intermediary. Without DIDs, you can’t have a vibrant, interoperable decentralized identity and application ecosystem. Early on we recognized the existence of a secure, scalable DID implementation was a prerequisite for the kinds of applications and services we wanted to offer, so in 2019 we set out to build one.
We are excited to share that v1 of ION is complete and has been launched on Bitcoin mainnet. We have deployed an ION node to our production infrastructure and are working together with other companies and organizations to do so as well. ION does not rely on centralized entities, trusted validators, or special protocol tokens – ION answers to no one but you, the community. Because ION is an open, permissionless system, anyone can run an ION node, in fact the more nodes in operation, the stronger the network becomes. Development of ION, and the Sidetree standard ION is based on, takes place in the Decentralized Identity Foundation (DIF). Read on to learn how you can integrate ION, DIDs, and Verifiable Credentials in your applications and services.
Creating an open, public, permissionless DID implementation that runs at massive scale, to the tune of thousands of operations per second, while maintaining decentralization and security was a long road – now it’s time to drive adoption. To help get DIDs into the hands of users and enable developers to easily integrate ION DIDs in wallets, decentralized apps, and credential-related services, we have contributed an open source library for generating DIDs and have opened up our ION node to provide a no-hassle option for anchoring ION DIDs:
Anchor DIDs you generate – easily anchor your DIDs via our ION node, without having to interact with a cryptocurrency wallet or run an ION node locally: github.com/decentralized-identity/ion-tools
[ NOTE: ownership of your DIDs is based on keys you generate locally, and all ION operations are signed with those keys, so even if you use our node for anchoring DID operations (or any other node), you are always in sole control. ]
Run an ION node
Running an ION node provides the fastest lookup of ION DIDs, the highest level of security when interacting with ION DIDs, and ensures you can always resolve ION DIDs without depending on intermediaries. There are two options for running an ION node:
You can resolve ION DIDs to view their keys and routing endpoints using the ION Explorer interface: https://identity.foundation/ion/explorer/. This dashboard (which you’ll soon be able to run against your own local ION node) is being built-out with more views and tools as we speak, and will eventually contain interfaces to help operators monitor their local ION nodes.
Leverage ION DIDs today
Here are a few ways you can use ION DIDs right now:
If you are a business or organization, sign up for the public preview of the Azure AD Verifiable Credential service: http://aka.ms/vcpreview
Use a DID to issue Verifiable Credentials, which are digital proofs that can be used to represent just about any verifiable assertion or asset, such as diplomas, membership cards, event tickets, etc.
ION’s core protocol has been standardized
Along with ION reaching v1, so too has the protocol at its core: Sidetree. Sidetree is a specification developed alongside many others at the Decentralized Identity Foundation (DIF) that enables scalable DID networks (i.e. ION, Element, Orb) to be built atop any decentralized event record system (e.g. blockchains). We would like to thank the following collaborators who have worked on specs, contributed code, or provided feedback during this process:
This work would not have been possible without the contributions of folks like Orie Steele of Transmute and Troy Ronda of SecureKey, who played key roles in shaping the Sidetree specification, our colleagues in Microsoft Research, as well as Dietrich Ayala and the Protocol Labs team, who helped integrate IPFS as the P2P file replication protocol used in ION.
Open source development and codification of standards is essential to the creation of a vibrant decentralized identity ecosystem. If you are a developer or organization interested in contributing to the Sidetree specification, ION’s open source code, or any other work underway in this area, we encourage you to join the Decentralized Identity Foundation (DIF) and its Sidetree Development & Operating Group. This group is the primary place where contributors meet to discuss various technical and operational aspects of ION and the general Sidetree protocol.
Beyond v1
With ION v1 out the door, we will be turning our attention toward optimizing the ION node implementation and adding other important features, such as:
Deliver a light node configuration, making node operation easier for low-resource devices.
Add tooling and support for Ed25519 and BLS12-381 keys
Enable optimistic operation ingestion for transactions still in the mempool (reduces time to resolution)
Codify an initial set of DID type tags (used in tagging DIDs as IoT devices, software packages, etc.)
Enable querying of ION’s decentralized DID directory based on DID type – for example: once organizations and businesses establish DIDs, you will be able to fetch all DIDs typed as Organization, LocalBusiness, etc., to build a decentralized directory. You will also be able find all DIDs of types like SoftwareSourceCode, to create decentralized code package and app registries. (NPM? How about DPM)
While launching v1 of ION is a significant milestone, we’re still in the early phases of this journey. We have a lot left to do before we can fully realize a better, more trustworthy, more decentralized Web that empowers every person and every organization on the planet to achieve more.
// Generate and publish create request to an ION nodeletcreateRequest=awaitdid.generateRequest(0);letanchorResponse=awaitanchor(createRequest); console.log(anchorRequest)
in my local, and the execution succeeds. It print did document.
Previously I am capable of query the DID document via the DID URI embeded in the print log. but one day, i am no longer able for this, all are 404.
Not sure why you have to get personal and make baseless assumptions as to me being "new to crypto". We've been discussing this topic in a fairly objective fashion until you popped in. Just for the record, I bought my first Bitcoin in 2013, so I am hardly new. Does that mean I know everything and I am correct all the times? No.
I was not wrong however in my opinion that BTC is not necessarily the most secure blockchain and I have given different arguments to make my point. Here are some more:
1. Bitcoin chain is susceptible to routing attacks, where large ISPs could split the bitcoin network into fragments by hijacking BGP ASes. It also allows for delay and partition attacks. This has been well researched and you can read up on it here, for example:
2. Furthermore, we have numerous successful double-spend attacks on record, the last one documented in 2019 (read the “Unconfirmed Transaction Attacks" paragraph:
Does any of this mean I don't like Bitcoin? No, to the absolute contrary (it's by far the largest position in my portfolio). So there is no need to get all defensive just because I have a slightly less rose tinted opinion about its security.
Yes, Etherrum has its issues too, nobody is denying that. They are being worked on as we speak.
And I repeat myself again: I am not really interested in hearing Bitcoin maximalist's rose tinted opinions on how their favorite crypto is the best in the world (we can discuss this for hours without coming to a conclusion). I wanted to hear - from Microsoft - why they chose Bitcoin over something else. No one here but Microsoft can answer that. All you can do is make assumptions, and I am not interested in those.
It turns out that inflating blocks with massive amounts of data creates irreversible centralisation. Bitcoin developers were ridiculed when they fought to keep the blocks small. Ethereum now proves that they were right.
Bitcoin mining is getting more decentralised so it is being solved. Ethereum's problems look far less likely to be solved.
Timbo155 Ethereum is not PoS. It will be PoS when ETH2 launches in about 18-24 months. Right now, it's PoW, just like Bitcoin.
As for the 51% attack, I am not saying they will do it (they would be crazy), I am saying they could do it. What do we know of those 5 chinese companie that already control 49% of the global hashrate? Very little. But we do know that China is an adversary of the US. I don't want to sound the conspiracy theory alarm bells, but anyone ignoring this is pretty naive. That about 15% more of the hash rate is also concentrated in China and another 15% in Iran and Kasahkstan doesn't make this any better. That's 80% of Bitcoin's global hash rate in the hands of countries that the US is in trade wars with, sanctions, etc.
But as I said earlier, we can discuss the details of which chain is better or more secure until we fall off our chairs (like so many others already did before us). The point is: Microsoft did not state anywhere why they chose Bitcoin over any other chain. I was just curious about the reason (and I don't think it has anything to do with BTC allegedly but not evidently being the most secure chain).
Sorry, but you´re not right! A 51% attack isn´t so easy and it is much to expensive. Why should a miner do this? To kill his own business? To destroy Bitcoin? (The mining e.g. in China was forbidden, but the miners were still mining!) A 51% Attack is puplished within seconds (because everyone can follow the network from everywhere) and in this (impossible) case the honest users and miners can react (fork!)!
Bitcoin is the safest, decentraliced P2P Network (no central Identities) in the world and Microsoft says this in its ION-paper... Ethereum isn´t as safe, because it´s Proof of Stake and in PoS, the identities can manipulate the chain- because they are IDENTITIES!
They said bitcoin first is better. It is a good choice because this will help all bitcoin codes fork blockchains to test ION. and there will be second, third...too.
I think ION is as same as ElectrumX, any blockchain or distributed ledgers could use ION to create DIDs.
Sidetree is a protocol for creating scalable Decentralized Identifier networks that can run atop any existing decentralized anchoring system (e.g. Bitcoin, Ethereum, distributed ledgers, witness-based approaches) and be as open, public, and permissionless as the underlying anchoring systems they utilize.
BTC mining operations are extremely concentrated with mining companies, just as I said. Yes, there are large pools, but the majority of the hashrate is coming from just 5 companies, all of which are in China. They control 49% of the global hashrate. China overall controls 65% of the global hashrate. The remaining 35% are mainly spread across the US, Russia and Kazahkstan, as well as Iran. Some of those 35% are pools, not all of it.
PoS may lead to concentration in some cases, but it is not the case with Ethereum, which the statistics for the ETH2 Beacon Chain clearly show. There are literally thousands of decentralized pools to create validator nodes, and unlike ETH's mining operation, which suffers the exact same issue as BTC (concentration, primarily China), the ETH2 validator pools on the beacon chain are very decentralized.
We can argue over the details all day long, and I am sure we will each find correct arguments. But saying that Bitcoin is way more secure than other chains is an outdated myth. Bitcoiners, especially the maximalist types, need to finally open their eyes.
cryptochromeYou are wrong. Ethereum is by no means more secure than Bitcoin. To answer your false claims:
1. Bitcoin mining is in the hands of a few major mining POOLS (not corporations in a classical sense), which also thanks to Stratum V2 do not have power over their participants
2. Bitcoins security is not only based on the miners but on the nodes as well (good luck setting up an Ethereum-full (archive) node
3. PoS will lead to more centralization, which many studies and current live PoS projects clearly show
Further why Bitcoin is way more secure than Ethereum:
1. Bitcoin runs for 10 years with no major exploits (unlike ETH)
2. Bitcoin doesn't have a person with big influence over the network (no Vitalik)
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V1 of ION is complete!
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ION – We Have Liftoff!
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Four years ago, we started a journey to help develop and advance decentralized identity, an emerging form of identity technology that empowers individuals and creates new business capabilities. Our goal is to put individuals, organizations, and other entities at the center of the apps, services, and digital exchanges that increasingly play a pivotal role in our lives. Among all the technical development required to deliver decentralized identity, none is more important than Decentralized Identifiers (DIDs).
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DIDs are identifiers that can be used to secure access to resources, sign and verify credentials, and facilitate application data exchange. Unlike traditional usernames and email addresses, DIDs are owned and controlled by the entity itself (be it a person, device, or company), and exist independently of any external organization or trusted intermediary. Without DIDs, you can’t have a vibrant, interoperable decentralized identity and application ecosystem. Early on we recognized the existence of a secure, scalable DID implementation was a prerequisite for the kinds of applications and services we wanted to offer, so in 2019 we set out to build one.
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We are excited to share that v1 of ION is complete and has been launched on Bitcoin mainnet. We have deployed an ION node to our production infrastructure and are working together with other companies and organizations to do so as well. ION does not rely on centralized entities, trusted validators, or special protocol tokens – ION answers to no one but you, the community. Because ION is an open, permissionless system, anyone can run an ION node, in fact the more nodes in operation, the stronger the network becomes. Development of ION, and the Sidetree standard ION is based on, takes place in the Decentralized Identity Foundation (DIF). Read on to learn how you can integrate ION, DIDs, and Verifiable Credentials in your applications and services.
Creating an open, public, permissionless DID implementation that runs at massive scale, to the tune of thousands of operations per second, while maintaining decentralization and security was a long road – now it’s time to drive adoption. To help get DIDs into the hands of users and enable developers to easily integrate ION DIDs in wallets, decentralized apps, and credential-related services, we have contributed an open source library for generating DIDs and have opened up our ION node to provide a no-hassle option for anchoring ION DIDs:
Anchor DIDs you generate – easily anchor your DIDs via our ION node, without having to interact with a cryptocurrency wallet or run an ION node locally: github.com/decentralized-identity/ion-tools
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[ NOTE: ownership of your DIDs is based on keys you generate locally, and all ION operations are signed with those keys, so even if you use our node for anchoring DID operations (or any other node), you are always in sole control. ]
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Run an ION node
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Running an ION node provides the fastest lookup of ION DIDs, the highest level of security when interacting with ION DIDs, and ensures you can always resolve ION DIDs without depending on intermediaries. There are two options for running an ION node:
You can resolve ION DIDs to view their keys and routing endpoints using the ION Explorer interface: https://identity.foundation/ion/explorer/. This dashboard (which you’ll soon be able to run against your own local ION node) is being built-out with more views and tools as we speak, and will eventually contain interfaces to help operators monitor their local ION nodes.
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Leverage ION DIDs today
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Here are a few ways you can use ION DIDs right now:
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If you are a business or organization, sign up for the public preview of the Azure AD Verifiable Credential service: http://aka.ms/vcpreview
Use a DID to issue Verifiable Credentials, which are digital proofs that can be used to represent just about any verifiable assertion or asset, such as diplomas, membership cards, event tickets, etc.
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ION’s core protocol has been standardized
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Along with ION reaching v1, so too has the protocol at its core: Sidetree. Sidetree is a specification developed alongside many others at the Decentralized Identity Foundation (DIF) that enables scalable DID networks (i.e. ION, Element, Orb) to be built atop any decentralized event record system (e.g. blockchains). We would like to thank the following collaborators who have worked on specs, contributed code, or provided feedback during this process:
This work would not have been possible without the contributions of folks like Orie Steele of Transmute and Troy Ronda of SecureKey, who played key roles in shaping the Sidetree specification, our colleagues in Microsoft Research, as well as Dietrich Ayala and the Protocol Labs team, who helped integrate IPFS as the P2P file replication protocol used in ION.
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Open source development and codification of standards is essential to the creation of a vibrant decentralized identity ecosystem. If you are a developer or organization interested in contributing to the Sidetree specification, ION’s open source code, or any other work underway in this area, we encourage you to join the Decentralized Identity Foundation (DIF) and its Sidetree Development & Operating Group. This group is the primary place where contributors meet to discuss various technical and operational aspects of ION and the general Sidetree protocol.
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Beyond v1
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With ION v1 out the door, we will be turning our attention toward optimizing the ION node implementation and adding other important features, such as:
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Deliver a light node configuration, making node operation easier for low-resource devices.
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Add tooling and support for Ed25519 and BLS12-381 keys
\n
Enable optimistic operation ingestion for transactions still in the mempool (reduces time to resolution)
\n
Codify an initial set of DID type tags (used in tagging DIDs as IoT devices, software packages, etc.)
\n
Enable querying of ION’s decentralized DID directory based on DID type – for example: once organizations and businesses establish DIDs, you will be able to fetch all DIDs typed as Organization, LocalBusiness, etc., to build a decentralized directory. You will also be able find all DIDs of types like SoftwareSourceCode, to create decentralized code package and app registries. (NPM? How about DPM)
\n
\n
\n
While launching v1 of ION is a significant milestone, we’re still in the early phases of this journey. We have a lot left to do before we can fully realize a better, more trustworthy, more decentralized Web that empowers every person and every organization on the planet to achieve more.
\n
Daniel Buchner Decentralized Identity, Microsoft
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ION – We Have Liftoff!
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Four years ago, we started a journey to help develop and advance decentralized identity, an emerging form of identity technology that empowers individuals and creates new business capabilities. Our goal is to put individuals, organizations, and other entities at the center of the apps, services, and digital exchanges that increasingly play a pivotal role in our lives. Among all the technical development required to deliver decentralized identity, none is more important than Decentralized Identifiers (DIDs).
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DIDs are identifiers that can be used to secure access to resources, sign and verify credentials, and facilitate application data exchange. Unlike traditional usernames and email addresses, DIDs are owned and controlled by the entity itself (be it a person, device, or company), and exist independently of any external organization or trusted intermediary. Without DIDs, you can’t have a vibrant, interoperable decentralized identity and application ecosystem. Early on we recognized the existence of a secure, scalable DID implementation was a prerequisite for the kinds of applications and services we wanted to offer, so in 2019 we set out to build one.
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We are excited to share that v1 of ION is complete and has been launched on Bitcoin mainnet. We have deployed an ION node to our production infrastructure and are working together with other companies and organizations to do so as well. ION does not rely on centralized entities, trusted validators, or special protocol tokens – ION answers to no one but you, the community. Because ION is an open, permissionless system, anyone can run an ION node, in fact the more nodes in operation, the stronger the network becomes. Development of ION, and the Sidetree standard ION is based on, takes place in the Decentralized Identity Foundation (DIF). Read on to learn how you can integrate ION, DIDs, and Verifiable Credentials in your applications and services.
Creating an open, public, permissionless DID implementation that runs at massive scale, to the tune of thousands of operations per second, while maintaining decentralization and security was a long road – now it’s time to drive adoption. To help get DIDs into the hands of users and enable developers to easily integrate ION DIDs in wallets, decentralized apps, and credential-related services, we have contributed an open source library for generating DIDs and have opened up our ION node to provide a no-hassle option for anchoring ION DIDs:
Anchor DIDs you generate – easily anchor your DIDs via our ION node, without having to interact with a cryptocurrency wallet or run an ION node locally: github.com/decentralized-identity/ion-tools
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[ NOTE: ownership of your DIDs is based on keys you generate locally, and all ION operations are signed with those keys, so even if you use our node for anchoring DID operations (or any other node), you are always in sole control. ]
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Run an ION node
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Running an ION node provides the fastest lookup of ION DIDs, the highest level of security when interacting with ION DIDs, and ensures you can always resolve ION DIDs without depending on intermediaries. There are two options for running an ION node:
You can resolve ION DIDs to view their keys and routing endpoints using the ION Explorer interface: https://identity.foundation/ion/explorer/. This dashboard (which you’ll soon be able to run against your own local ION node) is being built-out with more views and tools as we speak, and will eventually contain interfaces to help operators monitor their local ION nodes.
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Leverage ION DIDs today
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Here are a few ways you can use ION DIDs right now:
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If you are a business or organization, sign up for the public preview of the Azure AD Verifiable Credential service: http://aka.ms/vcpreview
Use a DID to issue Verifiable Credentials, which are digital proofs that can be used to represent just about any verifiable assertion or asset, such as diplomas, membership cards, event tickets, etc.
\n\n
\n
ION’s core protocol has been standardized
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Along with ION reaching v1, so too has the protocol at its core: Sidetree. Sidetree is a specification developed alongside many others at the Decentralized Identity Foundation (DIF) that enables scalable DID networks (i.e. ION, Element, Orb) to be built atop any decentralized event record system (e.g. blockchains). We would like to thank the following collaborators who have worked on specs, contributed code, or provided feedback during this process:
This work would not have been possible without the contributions of folks like Orie Steele of Transmute and Troy Ronda of SecureKey, who played key roles in shaping the Sidetree specification, our colleagues in Microsoft Research, as well as Dietrich Ayala and the Protocol Labs team, who helped integrate IPFS as the P2P file replication protocol used in ION.
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Open source development and codification of standards is essential to the creation of a vibrant decentralized identity ecosystem. If you are a developer or organization interested in contributing to the Sidetree specification, ION’s open source code, or any other work underway in this area, we encourage you to join the Decentralized Identity Foundation (DIF) and its Sidetree Development & Operating Group. This group is the primary place where contributors meet to discuss various technical and operational aspects of ION and the general Sidetree protocol.
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Beyond v1
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With ION v1 out the door, we will be turning our attention toward optimizing the ION node implementation and adding other important features, such as:
\n
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Deliver a light node configuration, making node operation easier for low-resource devices.
\n
Add tooling and support for Ed25519 and BLS12-381 keys
\n
Enable optimistic operation ingestion for transactions still in the mempool (reduces time to resolution)
\n
Codify an initial set of DID type tags (used in tagging DIDs as IoT devices, software packages, etc.)
\n
Enable querying of ION’s decentralized DID directory based on DID type – for example: once organizations and businesses establish DIDs, you will be able to fetch all DIDs typed as Organization, LocalBusiness, etc., to build a decentralized directory. You will also be able find all DIDs of types like SoftwareSourceCode, to create decentralized code package and app registries. (NPM? How about DPM)
\n
\n
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While launching v1 of ION is a significant milestone, we’re still in the early phases of this journey. We have a lot left to do before we can fully realize a better, more trustworthy, more decentralized Web that empowers every person and every organization on the planet to achieve more.
// Generate and publish create request to an ION node\nletcreateRequest=awaitdid.generateRequest(0);\nletanchorResponse=awaitanchor(createRequest); console.log(anchorRequest)
in my local, and the execution succeeds. It print did document.
Previously I am capable of query the DID document via the DID URI embeded in the print log. but one day, i am no longer able for this, all are 404.
with more information and if you can have tips or suggestion, it would be helpful. Thanks in advance.
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Is it possible to generate/order a personal ION ID? If not yet, when might this be possible?
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Not sure why you have to get personal and make baseless assumptions as to me being \"new to crypto\". We've been discussing this topic in a fairly objective fashion until you popped in. Just for the record, I bought my first Bitcoin in 2013, so I am hardly new. Does that mean I know everything and I am correct all the times? No.
I was not wrong however in my opinion that BTC is not necessarily the most secure blockchain and I have given different arguments to make my point. Here are some more:
1. Bitcoin chain is susceptible to routing attacks, where large ISPs could split the bitcoin network into fragments by hijacking BGP ASes. It also allows for delay and partition attacks. This has been well researched and you can read up on it here, for example:
2. Furthermore, we have numerous successful double-spend attacks on record, the last one documented in 2019 (read the “Unconfirmed Transaction Attacks\" paragraph:
Does any of this mean I don't like Bitcoin? No, to the absolute contrary (it's by far the largest position in my portfolio). So there is no need to get all defensive just because I have a slightly less rose tinted opinion about its security.
Yes, Etherrum has its issues too, nobody is denying that. They are being worked on as we speak.
And I repeat myself again: I am not really interested in hearing Bitcoin maximalist's rose tinted opinions on how their favorite crypto is the best in the world (we can discuss this for hours without coming to a conclusion). I wanted to hear - from Microsoft - why they chose Bitcoin over something else. No one here but Microsoft can answer that. All you can do is make assumptions, and I am not interested in those.
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It turns out that inflating blocks with massive amounts of data creates irreversible centralisation. Bitcoin developers were ridiculed when they fought to keep the blocks small. Ethereum now proves that they were right.
Bitcoin mining is getting more decentralised so it is being solved. Ethereum's problems look far less likely to be solved.
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Timbo155 Ethereum is not PoS. It will be PoS when ETH2 launches in about 18-24 months. Right now, it's PoW, just like Bitcoin.
As for the 51% attack, I am not saying they will do it (they would be crazy), I am saying they could do it. What do we know of those 5 chinese companie that already control 49% of the global hashrate? Very little. But we do know that China is an adversary of the US. I don't want to sound the conspiracy theory alarm bells, but anyone ignoring this is pretty naive. That about 15% more of the hash rate is also concentrated in China and another 15% in Iran and Kasahkstan doesn't make this any better. That's 80% of Bitcoin's global hash rate in the hands of countries that the US is in trade wars with, sanctions, etc.
But as I said earlier, we can discuss the details of which chain is better or more secure until we fall off our chairs (like so many others already did before us). The point is: Microsoft did not state anywhere why they chose Bitcoin over any other chain. I was just curious about the reason (and I don't think it has anything to do with BTC allegedly but not evidently being the most secure chain).
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Sorry, but you´re not right! A 51% attack isn´t so easy and it is much to expensive. Why should a miner do this? To kill his own business? To destroy Bitcoin? (The mining e.g. in China was forbidden, but the miners were still mining!) A 51% Attack is puplished within seconds (because everyone can follow the network from everywhere) and in this (impossible) case the honest users and miners can react (fork!)!
Bitcoin is the safest, decentraliced P2P Network (no central Identities) in the world and Microsoft says this in its ION-paper... Ethereum isn´t as safe, because it´s Proof of Stake and in PoS, the identities can manipulate the chain- because they are IDENTITIES!
Sorry, that´s reality 😉
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They said bitcoin first is better. It is a good choice because this will help all bitcoin codes fork blockchains to test ION. and there will be second, third...too.
I think ION is as same as ElectrumX, any blockchain or distributed ledgers could use ION to create DIDs.
Sidetree is a protocol for creating scalable Decentralized Identifier networks that can run atop any existing decentralized anchoring system (e.g. Bitcoin, Ethereum, distributed ledgers, witness-based approaches) and be as open, public, and permissionless as the underlying anchoring systems they utilize.
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BTC mining operations are extremely concentrated with mining companies, just as I said. Yes, there are large pools, but the majority of the hashrate is coming from just 5 companies, all of which are in China. They control 49% of the global hashrate. China overall controls 65% of the global hashrate. The remaining 35% are mainly spread across the US, Russia and Kazahkstan, as well as Iran. Some of those 35% are pools, not all of it.
PoS may lead to concentration in some cases, but it is not the case with Ethereum, which the statistics for the ETH2 Beacon Chain clearly show. There are literally thousands of decentralized pools to create validator nodes, and unlike ETH's mining operation, which suffers the exact same issue as BTC (concentration, primarily China), the ETH2 validator pools on the beacon chain are very decentralized.
We can argue over the details all day long, and I am sure we will each find correct arguments. But saying that Bitcoin is way more secure than other chains is an outdated myth. Bitcoiners, especially the maximalist types, need to finally open their eyes.
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cryptochromeYou are wrong. Ethereum is by no means more secure than Bitcoin. To answer your false claims:
1. Bitcoin mining is in the hands of a few major mining POOLS (not corporations in a classical sense), which also thanks to Stratum V2 do not have power over their participants
2. Bitcoins security is not only based on the miners but on the nodes as well (good luck setting up an Ethereum-full (archive) node
3. PoS will lead to more centralization, which many studies and current live PoS projects clearly show
Further why Bitcoin is way more secure than Ethereum:
1. Bitcoin runs for 10 years with no major exploits (unlike ETH)
2. Bitcoin doesn't have a person with big influence over the network (no Vitalik)
3. Bitcoin allows running a full node for 100$
Microsoft knows what they are doing!
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